Which psychological theory emphasizes the importance of physiological responses in experiencing emotions?

• A. Schachter-Singer Theory
• B. James-Lange Theory
• C. Behavioral Theory
• D. Cognitive Theory

Answer: (B)

The James-Lange Theory is significant because it posits that physiological responses are the primary determinants of emotional experience. According to this theory, when an individual encounters an emotional stimulus, the body first responds with physiological changes such as increased heart rate, sweating, or muscle tension. The individual then interprets these physiological changes as a specific emotion. For example, if you see a bear and your heart starts racing, according to the James-Lange Theory, you would feel fear because your body is responding to the bear's presence, not the other way around.

This theory fundamentally shifts the understanding of emotion from a cognitive evaluation of situations to an emphasis on the physical responses that accompany emotional experiences. This perspective highlights the interplay between the body and emotions, suggesting that body states play a crucial role in how we perceive and understand our emotions. In contrast, other theories, such as the Schachter-Singer Theory and Cognitive Theory, incorporate additional cognitive or social factors that also contribute to emotional experiences.